International Humanitarian Law Review on Genetically Modified Super Soldier

Nur Asmi

Abstract


This research aims to find out and understand genetically modified super soldier as well to find out and understand whether genetically modified super soldier is legitimate under international humanitarian law.This paper used normative legal approach by utilizing literature study. Data collected are secondary data derived from conventions, books, research, scientific journal and other written sources relevant. Data collected was analyzed descriptively.The result inflicted of this research as follows: 1) Genetically modified super soldier is genome manipulation on soldier aimed to modify sequencing or gen characteristic to create stronger soldiers by utilizing biotechnology, pharmacology, neuroscience, nanotechnology, and biochemical. 2) Genetically modified super soldier collides ethical and human rights as it did not consider informed consent of soldier. Genetically modified super soldier requires law review in its justification as means and method of warfare because some of genetically modified super soldier technologies constitute possibilities in disobeying international humanitarian law principles, and its justification of means and method of warfare that did not comply ethical requirement.

Keywords


Ethical; Human Rights; International Humanitarian Law; Super Soldier

Full Text:

PDF

References


Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons. (1996). Advisory Opinion on Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons. Den Haag: ICJ Report.

Christopher E. Sawin. (2016). “Creating Super Soldier For Warfare: A Look Into The Laws of Warâ€. Journal of High Technology. Vo. 17 No. 1: 109. Boston: Suffolk University Law.

David B. Resnik. (2015). What is Ethics in Research and Why is it Important. US: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Department of Defense Fiscal Year. (2015). Budget Estimates, March 2014 by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Defense-Wide). US: Department of the Navy.

Edmund D. Pellegrino. (2001). “The Human Genome Project: The Central Ethical Challengeâ€. St. Thomas Law Review. Vol. 13 No. 4. Washington DC: Georgetown University.

Heather A. Harrison Dinniss and Jann K. Kleffer. (2016). “Soldier 2.0: Military Human Enhancement and International Lawâ€. International Law Studies. Vol. 92 No. 432. US: The Stockton Center for The Study of International Law.

Hitoshi Nasu. (2012). Nano Technology and Challenges to International Humanitarian Law: A Preliminary Legal Assessment, International Review: ICRC.

Jai Galliot and Mianna Lotz. (2013). Super Soldier: The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications, US: Ashgate Publishing Ltd.

Ivan S. Kotchetkov et al. (2010). Brain-Computer Interfaces; Military, Neurosurgical and Ethical Perspective. New York: Department of Neurological Surgery.

Jean Pictet. (1977). Humanitarian Law and Protection of War Victims. Leiden/Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute.

Jorge L. Contreras. (2011). “Bermuda Legacy: Policy, Patents, and the Design of the Genome Commonsâ€. Minnesota Journal of Law Science and Technology. Vol. 12 No. 1. Washington: Washington University.

Marion Hilligan et al. (2007). Superhuman-Biotechnology’s Emerging Impact on The Law. Western Michigan: University Thomas M. Cooley Law Review.

Matthew Beard, Jai Galliot and Sandra Lynch. (2016). “Soldier Enhancement: Ethical Risks and Opportunitiesâ€. Australian Army Journal Autumn. Vol .13 No. 1. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Australia.

MJ. Gunn H. McCoubrey. (1998). “Medical Ethics and The Laws of Armed Conflictâ€. Journal of Armed Conflict Law. Vol. 3 Issue 2. Oxford: Oxford Academic.

Patrick Lin, Maxwell J. Mehlham and Keith Abney. (2013). Enhanced Warfighters: Risk, Ethics, and Policy, New York: Greenwall Foundation.

Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. (2009). Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shamoo A and Resnik D. (2009). Responsible Conduct of Research. New York: Oxford University Press.

Simon Trip and Martin Grueber. (2011). Economic Impact of the Human Genome Project. Colombus, Ohio: Batelle Memorial Institute.

Yoram Dinstein. (2004). The Conduct of Hostilities under the Law of International Armed Conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33387/klj.v1i1.426

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Khairun Law Journal



 

Creative Commons License
Khairun Law Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Editorial Official :

Faculty of Law, Khairun University.
Jusuf Abdulrahman, Campus II, Gambesi, Ternate City, North Maluku Indonesia.
Klj@unkhair.ac.id, WhatsApp: +6281343974566

SUPPORTED BY