THE IMPACT OF COVID – 19 ON LEGAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA

Indonesia is one of the countries infected with the Covid-19 pandemic. Corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by acute corona virus 2 respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). So that the impact on the community and students can not meet directly on campus or in public places. Based on Nielsen's research entitled "Race Against the Virus, the Indonesian Consumer Response towards COVID-19" revealed that as much as 50% of Indonesian people began to reduce activities outside the home, and 30% of them said that they planned to shop more frequently online. Likewise, teaching and learning activities are carried out from home and even work is done from home with the aim of reducing Covid-19 epidemic.


PRELIMINARY
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus, previously called the '2019 novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV.'The COVID-19 virus is a new virus that is related to the same family of viruses as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).) and several types of common cold viruses (WHO, 2020).This disease was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei Province, and since then has spread globally throughout the world, resulting in the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic.this includes Indonesia.Various efforts to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus have been carried out by governments in countries around the world to break the chain of spread of the Covid-19 virus, which is known as lockdown and social distancing1.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a tragedy that has saddened the entire population of the earth.All segments of human life on earth are disrupted, without exception education.Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges and universities, including Indonesia.The crisis really came suddenly, governments in any part of the world including Indonesia had to make the bitter decision to close schools to massively reduce people's contact and to save lives or to keep schools open in order to survive workers in maintaining economic sustainability.
There are two impacts on the continuity of legal education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.The first is the short-term impact, which is felt by many families in Indonesia both in cities and in villages.In Indonesia there are many families who are not familiar with conducting school at home.Homeschooling for Indonesian families is a big surprise especially for the productivity of parents who are usually busy with work outside the home.Likewise with the psychological problems of students who are used to learning face to face with their teachers.
All elements of education in social life are "exposed" to illness due to Covid-19.The implementation of teaching takes place online.This process is running on a scale that has never been measured and tested because it has never happened before.Inevitably, in remote villages with a very dense school-age population, you become completely confused, because the information technology infrastructure is very limited.Student assessment moves online and there is a lot of trial and error with an uncertain system, in fact many assessments are cancelled.Second is the long term impact.Many community groups in Indonesia will be exposed to the long-term impacts of this Covid-19.The impact of education from a long-term perspective is the aspect of justice and increasing inequality between community groups and between regions in Indonesia2.
The definition of education in Law no.20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System article 1 paragraph 1 it is written that: "Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state" .This statement can be interpreted that education is carried out consciously by students to be able to compete in the era of globalization, so that students can develop their potential.Schools have an important role in developing the potential of students in preparing citizens who have a strong and consistent commitment to maintaining the unitary state of the republic of Indonesia.Education is very important for human life, education can occur if there is direct interaction between educators and learners.This interaction can occur when the teaching and learning process is held directly at school.In the learning process educators or teachers play a very important role in developing the potential of students3.
With the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic, education during this pandemic uses distance education (PJJ).The term Distance Education (PJJ) is contained in Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Article 1 which states that Distance Education is education in which students are separated from educators, and learning uses various learning resources through communication, information and technology.other media.This separation between educators and students is a feature of PJJ.This is in accordance with the opinion of experts who argue that the existence of physical separation between students and between students and teachers is one of the characteristics of distance education (Moore & Kearsley, 2012;Simonson et al., 2012).The physical separation between teachers and students in distance higher education has implications for limited interaction between trainers and students.A teacher at PJJ cannot guide and supervise the learning of his students individually as regularly as in face-to-face education.Therefore, independence in learning is a necessity for PJJ students.This is in line with Wedemeyer's opinion which states that the essence of distance education is the independence of its students (Simonson et al., 2012).The formulation of the problem in this research is what method of legal education is most effective in the pandemic era and how to maintain the quality of legal education during a pandemic.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research is research using normative juridical research methods and the approach is a library approach.This research discusses methods and ways of studying law in accordance with the pandemic era.Learning law in the pandemic era certainly prioritizes the safety and security of lecturers and law students but is still effective.

LEGAL EDUCATION METHODS IN THE PANDEMIC ERA
During the development of Covid-19, the government prohibited people from gathering in crowded places both outside and indoors because Covid-19 spreads very quickly without knowing the symptoms experienced by people around them, therefore the government urges or decides not to crowd.
Therefore, the government also stipulates that the public must maintain a clean environment around them and frequently wash their hands and wear masks because this virus spreads through the mouth and hands, and always maintains the body's immunity so that it does not get infected with the Covid-19 virus4.
The pace of the spread of Covid is so fast that the government has decided to make learning efforts from home, the government suggests online/online schooling for schools/madrasas or colleges to do from home, confusing many parties, especially parents.This transition to learning methods forces various parties to follow a path that can be taken so that learning can take place, and an option is to utilize technology as an online learning medium.actually it is not a problem but in society there are many things or factors that hinder such as cell phones (cell phones) not Everyone has an Android phone, especially those who go to school in remote villages, in villages there are many who don't have cellphones because there are many limitations to economic constraints besides that there are also internet network problems, internet networks are not easy to find because not all schools/madrasas are connected to the internet5.
And limited facilities and infrastructure, not all parents of students can fulfill basic needs for their families or children who are still at school, sometimes they are not sufficient for daily life due to economic limitations.
Cost, internet network which is very much needed in online learning is a separate problem for students because the quota purchased for internet needs has increased and many of the students' parents are not ready to increase the budget in providing internet network.
And there are many other obstacles that might hinder students/students, fact this learning method is already used in several countries, especially in developed countries, maybe they are used to it, especially learning in universities and not only abroad but in Indonesia there are also online activities and even then only certain university6.
However, learning at the unit level of primary and secondary education is not yet so popular that serious preparation is needed so that it can run well.And moreover, remote schools are very far away, which is called the internet.they are not required to hold on to what is called the internet, but because of this covid-19, they want it or not they have to learn to use a technology and there are indeed a lot of impacts from this covid-19 especially for elementary school unit students who have never held a cell phone at all or similar.
But there are also a number of learning things that we can learn from Covid-19, especially maintaining cleanliness in the environment and some parents always work every day so they forget or really don't have time to gather with their children and families, and because there is Covid-19 this is why they work from home because of the appeal from the government even though there are more negative impacts than positive ones..

HOW TO MAINTAIN THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Since the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, many sectors and industries have been affected, including the world of education.Teaching and learning activities at various levels of educational institutions were also disrupted and forced to change the pattern of learning from what was originally face-to-face to an online distance learning system (online) so that teaching and learning activities continued to run smoothly.Of course educational institutions must also adapt and change strategies quickly in carrying out the process of teaching and learning activities online so that the quality of education does not decrease because education is the biggest investment for the nation's next generation7.
As long as the distance learning system (PJJ) is implemented, the government should also ensure that this learning model can run well.The government must also look at the readiness of the teaching staff in mastering and being literate in technology and supporting tools that will be used in providing good and interesting learning material so that students can understand the material provided.This distance learning system should not be a burden to parents, students, and teaching staff.
If you look at the quality of education.Of course we are talking about the quality aspects of the 8 educational standards, namely content standards, processes, graduate competencies, educators and education staff, facilities and infrastructure, management, costs, and assessment.Learning conducted in the network is likely to affect the 2 main standards, namely process standards.and assessment standards.But do not rule out it will spread to all aspects of existing standards.
To maintain the quality of education during this pandemic, of course, adjustments are needed from various standard aspects of the educational process.One of the supporting aspects in improving the learning process during this pandemic is the availability of technology that teachers can use in learning8.
During online learning, many problems were encountered by the teacher.The technical obstacle faced by teachers is the availability of hardware and software facilities needed for implementing online learning that really needs to be questioned.Not all teachers and students have devices that meet the eligibility requirements for carrying out activities in the network.Internet facilities that guarantee connectivity are not evenly distributed in all corners of the country.Non-technical difficulties relate to the condition that not all teachers and students can immediately adapt to technology and remote teaching methods and the mastery of students or teachers towards learning technology also varies greatly.
The use of technology in improving education services, especially equity in access and the quality of learning, must be supported by the high interest of teachers and students in learning technology.Technological development will assist teachers in carrying out teaching and learning activities.The focus of this technology is to help all humans in the system to carry out their tasks in a better way.Technology development carried out to support the teaching and learning process in schools should be supported by clear infrastructure and also equal distribution of facilities and infrastructure related to internet connections in schools.
What is even more substantial is maintaining the standard quality of content, namely the curriculum.So far, the legal curriculum has not accommodated and adapted the distance learning system.So far, online teaching and learning is only a concept as a technical tool that has not yet developed into a way of thinking and a learning paradigm.This adaptation includes that on normal days teachers can hold meetings to dialogue with students, now this size is adjusted during distance education which allows for streamlining or integration of teaching materials.For example, subjects from one family can be synergized and then taught during equality.The curriculum now needs to be combed to find the important parts that must be fulfilled by learning to focus more on important material so that the burden on the curriculum on teachers and students can be reduced so that children are not burdened with a heavy curriculum9.
To maintain the quality of legal education, one of the most important standards that need to be maintained is the standard quality of the learning process.Educators, especially teachers, must refocus on the main issue of education, namely the quality of learning.This reason causes us to think that conventional educational practices must have stopped.For this reason, teachers and parents are required to continue to innovate and be creative so that the quality of the learning process during this pandemic can be maintained properly.Many obstacles are faced by educators and students to maintain the quality of education.We must not give up with circumstances.So that the quality of our national education does not decline in the midst of a pandemic, all national education stakeholders must intervene to provide solutions and anticipate potential problems.The distance learning process that has been established so far at the Open University can be an initial model for this roadmap.Adaptation and adoption of the same system, if deemed necessary, can be applied at lower levels of education, the longest in secondary education and basic education.
The Minister of Education Culture of the Republic of Indonesia has set 13 July 2020 as the start of a new school year, in accordance with the SKB of the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Religion regarding learning guides for the new school year and the new academic year during the Covid 19 pandemic, Teaching and Learning Activities (KBM) which was originally face-to-face was transferred to Distance Learning (PJJ) both online and offline.Except for the green zone areas according to the national COVID-19 task force acceleration team, face-to-face learning is possible with strict health protocol requirements.
The online legal education system is not easy either.In addition to personal discipline to study independently, there are facilities and resources that must be provided.This online learning system has the potential to widen the socio-economic gap that has existed so far during the pandemic.
The Ministry of Manpower noted that more than 2 million workers and formalinformal workers have been laid off or laid off.Under these conditions, many parents find it difficult to provide optimal educational opportunities for their children.In a worse situation, parents may even be faced with the dilemma of choosing to feed their family or pay for their children's education10.This has the potential to increase the dropout rate.Since the study policy from home implemented nationally starting on March 16 2020, there are indications of an increase in the dropout rate in various places.Starting from Papua, North Maluku, to Jakarta.These are areas that are classified as red zones in the spread of the plague.The dropout rate from rural areas is also expected to increase.In the long term, these children who drop out of school are more likely to be unemployed, either privately or openly.This will not only cumulatively reduce national productivity, but make them trapped in a vicious circle of structural poverty.As a practical solution step, from the start I was of the opinion that the government needed to reallocate IDR 5.6 trillion in training funds for 5.6 million laborers and workers who are estimated to have been affected by the economic crisis due to the COVID-19 outbreak, into direct assistance.
So, it can be used to meet daily needs.Including, ensure the continued education of their children.On the other hand, the government also needs to pay attention to the fate of teachers, especially private teachers and honorary teachers (including non-permanent teachers), each of which numbers nearly one million people.The absence of a teaching and learning process in schools, directly and indirectly, reduces their income

WHAT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE LEGAL LEARNING METHOD APPLIED DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
After the emergence of the Covid-19 outbreak in the hemisphere, the education system began to look for an innovation for the process of teaching and learning activities.Moreover, the Circular no. 4 of 2020 from the Minister of Education and Culture which recommends that all activities in educational institutions must keep their distance and all material delivery will be delivered at their respective homes.
Every institution is also required to provide the latest innovations to shape this very effective learning process.Unfortunately, it seems that not all educational institutions really understand the latest innovations that must be used to conduct learning during a pandemic.Most of them still can't adjust it because they are constrained by facilities and infrastructure.
Here are some of the most effective learning methods applied during the Covid-19 pandemic11: 1. Project Based Learning This project based learning method was initiated by the implications of the Minister of Education and Culture Circular No.4 of 2020.This project based learning has the main objective of providing training to students to be more able to collaborate, work together, and empathize with others.
According to the Minister of Education and Culture, this project-based learning method is very effectively applied to students by forming small study groups in working on projects, experiments and innovations.This learning method is very suitable for students who are in the yellow or green zone.By implementing this one learning method, of course you also have to pay attention to the applicable health protocols.

Online Method
To get around inconduciveness in situations like this, online methods can be used as one thing that is quite effective in dealing with them.The Ministry of Education and Culture revealed that online methods can overcome problems that occurred during this pandemic.This online method is very suitable for students who are in the red zone area.By using a full online method like this, the learning system delivered will continue and all students will remain at their respective homes in a safe condition.

Offline Method
Offline refers to the learning model that is carried out outside the network.In a sense, this one learning is carried out face-to-face with due regard to the applicable zoning and health protocols.This method is very suitable for students who are in the yellow or green zone areas, especially with the strict new normal protocol.
In this one method, students will be taught in turns (shift model) to avoid crowds.This Offline learning model was suggested by the Minister of Education and Culture to fulfill the simplification of the curriculum during this pandemic emergency.
This method is designed to get around the delivery of the curriculum so that it is not convoluted when delivered to students.In addition, this learning is also considered quite good for those who lack supporting facilities and infrastructure for online systems.As with other methods, home visits are an option for learning methods during this pandemic.This method is similar to teaching and learning activities delivered during home schooling.So, the teacher holds a home visit at the student's house for a certain time.
This method was suggested by the Head of the Daarul Qur'an Full Day Partnership, Dr. Mahfud Fauzi, M.Pd which is perfect for students who don't have the opportunity to get a comprehensive set of technology.Thus, the material that will be given to students can be conveyed properly.Because the subject matter and the existence of the assignments given can be carried out properly

CONCLUSION
Indonesia is one of the countries infected with the Covid-19 pandemic.Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus.Various efforts to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus have been carried out by governments in countries around the world to break the chain of spread of the Covid-19 virus, which is known as lockdown and social distancing.The Covid-19 pandemic is a tragedy that saddens the entire population of the earth.There are two impacts on the continuity of education caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.In the learning process educators or teachers play a very important role in developing the potential of students.With the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, education during this pandemic used distance education (PJJ).The term Distance Education (PJJ) is education in which students are separated from educators, and learning uses various learning resources through communication, information technology and other media.This is in accordance with the opinions of experts who argue that the existence of physical separation between students and between students and teachers is one of the characteristics of distance education.