DILEMMA CRIMINAL DISPARITY AND CONSIDERATIONS JUDGES IN COURT PRACTICE

Albri Bri Labaka, Yeni Widowati

Abstract


This study aims to examine the factors that affect different sentences or criminal disparities and the reasons underlying the judge's decision in adjudicating criminal cases during trial. The methodology of this study uses doctrinal legal research using legal and conceptual approaches. The results of the study show that criminal disparity has an underlying cause, which can be analyzed from theoretical, legal, and empirical perspectives. Legal theory argues that the autonomy and freedom granted to judges is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 and Law No. 48 of 2009, which regulates the current judicial power. Then the deciden ratio theory, along with disagreement, equilibrium theory, intuition art theory, experience theory, and science theory, explains criminal disparity. Indonesian courts now use a punishment system that is exclusively based on trial exams. This leads to discrepancies in judicial decisions by judges, known as criminal disparita. At the very least, consider criteria related to exterior activities and subjective elements such as motives and objectives. Next, evaluate the impact of the action, the gravity of the violation, the approach used, the internal disposition (wrong), and relevance to the core of consideration. Judges cannot rely solely on procedural factors

Keywords


Criminal Disparity; Judge's Considerations; Court Practice

Full Text:

PDF

References


Books

Ali, Mahrus. Asas, Teori Dan Praktek Hukum Pidana Korupsi. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2013.

Andi Sofyan and Abd. Asis. Hukum Acara Pidana : Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Kencana Prenadamedia Group, 2014.

Arief, Barda Nawawi. Tujuan Dan Pedoman Pemidanaan. Semarang: Pustaka Magister, 2011.

Arifin, Zainal and Hiariej Eddy O. S. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum : Memahami Kaidah Teori, Asas Dan Filsafat Hukum. Edisi pert. Yogyakarta: Red & White Publising, 2021.

Eddy O.S. Hiariej. Prinsip Prinsip Hukum Pidana. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka, 2018.

Manan, Bagir. Hakim Dan Pemidanaan, Majalah Hukum Varia Peradilan Edisi No. 249. Bandung: Ikahi, 2006.

Topo Santoso. Hukum Pidana Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2020.

Yusti Probowati Rahayu. Di Balik Putusan Hakim Kajian Psikologi Hukum Dalam Perkara Pidana. Surabaya: Penerbit Srikandi, 2005.

Journal

Ali, Mahrus, and Ari Wibowo. “Kompensasi Dan Restitusi Yang Berorientasi Pada Korban Tindak Pidana.” Yuridika 33, no. 2 (2018): 260. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i2.7414.

Amin, M N. “Disparitas Pemidanaan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Praktik Pengadilan.” Lex Librum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9 (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/doi : 10.46839/lljih.v9i1.635.

Atnan, Nur. “Fenomena Korupsi Pejabat Publik Di Jawa Barat Dan Cara Mengatasinya.” Veritas et Justitia 1, no. 1 (2015): 159–82. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.1421.

Christiawan, Rio. “Evaluasi Kebijakan Moratorium Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit.” Veritas et Justitia 6, no. 1 (2020): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.3364.

Dewi, Silvia. “Perumusan Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korporasi Dalam Berbagai Undang-Undang.” Arena Hukum 13, no. 01 (2020): 135–56. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2020.01301.8.

Donald, Henry Lbn Toruan, . Djamilus, Nicken Sarwo Rini, and Ahmad Fathony. “Analisis Juridis Terhadap Disparitas Putusan Hakim Dalam Tindak Pidana Transaksi Elektronik Dan Pencucian Uang (Studi Putusan Nomor :1240/Pid.Sus/2022/PN. Tng Dan Putusan Nomor: 576/ Pid,Sus/2022/PN. Blb.).” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 23, no. 4 (2023): 507. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2023.v23.507-522.

Dyah Rosiana Puspitasari, Basto Daeng Robo Fakultas. “Relevansi Filsafat Ilmu Hukum Dalam Pembentukan Metode Penelitian Hukum (Suatu Tinjauan Terhadap Pengaruh Konsep Filosofis Dalam Pengembangan Penelitian Hukum Kontemporer).” Khairun Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2024): 17–29.

Flora, Henny Saida, Mac Thi Hoai Thuong, and Ratna Deliana Erawati. “The Orientation and Implications of New Criminal Code: An Analysis of Lawrence Friedman’s Legal System.” Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan 11, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 113–25. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i1.1169.

Gumelar, Krishna. “Soul Shaking as Reason for Criminal Abolition: The Dilemma Between Legal Certainty and Justice.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 13, no. 1 (2021): 113–25. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i1.12056.

Journal, Law. “Analisis Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pertambangan Pasir Tanpa Izin Di Kota Ternate.” Khairun Law Journal 8, no. 2 (2024): 54–71.

Marwan, Satria Manda Adi. “Eksistensi Pidana Penjara Seumur Hidup Di Indonesia Ditinjau Dalam Perspektif Tujuan Hukum Pidana Modern.” De Jure: Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar’iah 13, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 140–55. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i1.12025.

Meliala, Nefa Claudia. “Upaya Melibatkan Partisipasi Korban Dan Pelaku Pidana.” Veritas et Justitia 1, no. 1 (2015): 111–35.

Milono, Aulia. “Formulasi Pedoman Penjatuhan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Penyelenggara Negara Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 7, no. 1 (2014): 117–30. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2014.00701.7.

Mufrohim, Ook, and Ratna Herawati. “Independensi Lembaga Kejaksaan Sebagai Legal Structure Didalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana (Criminal Justice System) Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 3 (2020): 373–86. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i3.373-386.

Muksin, Muchlas Rastra Samara, and Nur Rochaeti. “Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menggunakan Keterangan Ahli Kedokteran Forensik Sebagai Alat Bukti Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 3 (2020): 343–58. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i3.343-358.

Mursalin, Ayub. “Legalitas Perkawinan Beda Agama : Mengungkap Disparitas Putusan Pengadilan Di Indonesia.” Undang Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 1 (2023): 113–50. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.113-150.

Nugroho, Wahyu. “Disparitasi Hukuman Dalam Perkara Pidana Pencurian Dengan Pemberatan.” Jurnal Yudisial 5, no. 3 (2012): 265. https://jurnal.komisiyudisial.go.id/index.php/jy/article/view/124.

Rofiq, Ahmad, Hari Sutra Disemadi, and Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya. “Criminal Objectives Integrality in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System.” Al-Risalah 19, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 179. https://doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v19i2.458.

Rumadan, Ismail. “Penafsiran Hakim Terhadap Ketentuan Pidana Minimum Khusus Dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 2, no. 3 (2018): 379. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.2.3.2013.379-404.

Saifulloh, Putra Perdana Ahmad. “Politik Hukum Pengaturan Organisasi Sayap Partai Politik Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 3, no. 2 (2020): 17–32. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v3i2.3974.

Sugiharto, Gatot. “Relevansi Kebijakan Penetapan Pidana Kerja Sosial Dalam Sistem Pemidanaan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 7, no. 3 (2016): 83–96. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v7i3.a3936.

Widowati, Widowati, and Y. A. Triana Ohoiwutun. “Kepastian Hukum Putusan Yang Melanggar Special Straf Maxima.” Jurnal Yudisial 14, no. 1 (2021): 1. https://doi.org/10.29123/jy.v14i1.413.

Laws and Regulations

Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945

Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Hukum Pidana

Undang Undang No 48 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33387/klj.v8i2.9402

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025



 

Creative Commons License
Khairun Law Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Editorial Official :

Faculty of Law, Khairun University.
Jusuf Abdulrahman, Campus II, Gambesi, Ternate City, North Maluku Indonesia.
Klj@unkhair.ac.id, WhatsApp: +6281343974566

SUPPORTED BY