Variasi Tingkat Perkembangan Tanah Berdasarkan Ordo Tanah di Kelurahan Moti Kota, Kota Ternate, Indonesia
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Kompleksitas proses pedogenesis pada pulau vulkanik kecil yang berpengaruh terhadap tingkat perkembangan tanah, khususnya ordo Entisol dan Inceptisol di Kelurahan Moti Kota, Kota Ternate. Kondisi iklim tropis basah, bahan induk piroklastik Kuarter–Holosen, serta variability topografi memunculkan perbedaan morfologi dan sifat fisik-kimia tanah yang signifikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan variasi tingkat perkembangan profil tanah berdasarkan indikator pedogenik termasuk nisbah debu/liat, KTK/liat, rasio C/N, dan rasio Fe-oksalat/Fe-dithionit serta mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfologi, fisik, dan kimia tanah pada dua profil representatif, yakni Entisol (profil II) dan Inceptisol (profil I). Metode yang digunakan meliputi survei toposekuens dengan penggalian profil pada setiap posisi elevasi, deskripsi morfologi lapangan sesuai prosedur USDA, analisis tekstur (metode pipet), pH H₂O, kapasitas tukar kation (NH₄OAc pH 7,0), Saturasi Basa, karbon organik (Walkley–Black), total N (Kjeldahl), serta ekstraksi besi oksalat dan dithionit. Data kuantitatif dianalisis untuk menghitung nisbah indikator pedogenesis dan diklasifikasikan menurut Soil Taxonomy USDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil I (Inceptisol) membentuk horizon cambic dengan struktur gumpal menyudut, peningkatan fraksi liat dari 20 % hingga 35 %, nilai KTK 19,95–23,25 cmol(+)/kg, dan decreasing basa saturation dari 60 % ke 33 %. Indikator nisbah debu/liat menurun dari 1,25 pada horizon Ap ke 0,15 pada horizon Bb/C, sedangkan rasio Feₒ/Fe_d berfluktuasi menandakan proses transformasi oksida besi lanjutan. Sebaliknya, profil II (Entisol) hanya memiliki horizon A dengan tekstur lempung berpasir, KTK 20,95 cmol(+)/kg, saturasi basa 62 %, nisbah debu/liat 0,85, dan rasio Feₒ/Fe_d 1,10, menggambarkan tanah muda dengan sedikit perkembangan horizon. Kesimpulan penelitian menyatakan bahwa interaksi bahan induk vulkanik, iklim lembap tropis, organisme, topografi, dan waktu menghasilkan gradiens perkembangan tanah dari Entisol ke Inceptisol di Kelurahan Moti Kota. Pemahaman mendalam terhadap variasi ini penting untuk perencanaan penggunaan lahan berkelanjutan, di mana Inceptisol cocok untuk hortikultura intensif dan Entisol memerlukan tutupan vegetatif untuk mencegah erosi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33387/cannarium.v23i1.9739
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