Performance Evaluation of Modulation Schemes on HAPS 28 GHz Backhaul Link: Reliability Analysis and Spectral Efficiency Trade-off

Authors

  • Sandryones Palinggi Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v13i3.12651

Keywords:

HAPS, Backhaul Link, Link Reliability, Spectral Efficiency, 28 GHz

Abstract

Selecting modulation schemes for High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) backhaul links at 28 GHz is critical, as higher-order modulations improve spectral efficiency but degrade reliability under tropical conditions. This study evaluates the trade-off for QPSK and 16-QAM through link budget analysis, log-normal fading modeling with 2.5 dB tropospheric scintillation variance, and outage probability estimation via Q-function under three scenarios: clear-sky, rain attenuation, and worst-case (rain + turbulence). Results show that 16-QAM achieves fourfold spectral efficiency improvement (0.8 to 3.2 bps/Hz) but requires 8.2 dB additional Eb/No, degrading receive margin from 12.1 dB to 2.1 dB under rain, with availability dropping from >99.9999% to 80–90%. QPSK maintains a rain margin of 16.3 dB and availability exceeding 99.9999%. These findings confirm that static 16-QAM deployment is unsuitable for tropical environments. Adaptive modulation with dynamic QPSK/16-QAM switching based on real-time channel state information is recommended for reliable HAPS deployment in Indonesia.

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References

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Published

2026-09-25

How to Cite

Palinggi, S. (2026). Performance Evaluation of Modulation Schemes on HAPS 28 GHz Backhaul Link: Reliability Analysis and Spectral Efficiency Trade-off . Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v13i3.12651

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro

Section

Telecommunication System and Technology

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Copyright (c) 2026 Sandryones Palinggi

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