Performance Evaluation of Modulation Schemes on HAPS 28 GHz Backhaul Link: Reliability Analysis and Spectral Efficiency Trade-off

Penulis

  • Sandryones Palinggi Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v13i3.12651

Kata Kunci:

HAPS, Link Backhaul, Link Realibility, Efisiensi Spektral, 28 GHz

Abstrak

Pemilihan skema modulasi untuk link backhaul High-Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) pada frekuensi 28 GHz sangat krusial, karena modulasi tingkat tinggi meningkatkan efisiensi spektral namun menurunkan keandalan pada kondisi tropis. Studi ini mengevaluasi trade-off antara QPSK dan 16-QAM melalui analisis link budget, pemodelan fading log-normal dengan variansi sintilasi troposferik 2,5 dB, dan estimasi probabilitas kegagalan (outage probability) melalui fungsi-Q dalam tiga skenario: langit cerah, redaman hujan, dan kasus terburuk (hujan + turbulensi). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 16-QAM mencapai peningkatan efisiensi spektral empat kali lipat (0,8 hingga 3,2 bps/Hz) tetapi memerlukan tambahan Eb/No sebesar 8,2 dB, yang menurunkan margin penerimaan dari 12,1 dB menjadi 2,1 dB saat hujan, dengan ketersediaan turun dari >99,9999% menjadi 80–90%. QPSK mempertahankan margin hujan sebesar 16,3 dB dan ketersediaan melebihi 99,9999%. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi bahwa implementasi 16-QAM statis tidak cocok untuk lingkungan tropis. Modulasi adaptif dengan perpindahan dinamis antara QPSK/16-QAM berdasarkan informasi status saluran waktu nyata direkomendasikan untuk implementasi HAPS yang andal di Indonesia.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Referensi

[1] Republic of Indonesia, “APT Report on Technical and Operational Analysis for Using High Altitude Platform Station as IMT Base Stations (HIBS) in the Frequency Bands Below 2.7 GHz Identified for IMT,” Tangerang, Indonesia, AWG-25/OUT-10 (Rev.1), 2019. Unpublished.

[2] Republic of Indonesia, “The Definitive Roles of HAP in the Future Broadband Wireless Communications,” Jakarta, Indonesia, AWG25/INP/X, 2019.

[3] E. Setiawan, “The Potential Use of High Altitude Platform Station in Rural Telecommunication Infrastructure,” in Proceeding - 2018 International Conference on ICT for Rural Development: Rural Development through ICT: Concept, Design, and Implication, IC-ICTRuDEv 2018, Bali, Indonesia: IEEE, 2018, pp. 35–37. doi: 10.1109/ICICTR.2018.8706563.

[4] Kominfo, “Kelayakan Implementasi High Altitude Platforms (HAPs): Studi Kasus Project Loon,” Jakarta, Indonesia, 2016.

[5] D. Grace and M. Mohorcic, Broadband Communications via High Altitude Platform Stations, First. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011.

[6] A. Aragón-Zavala, J. L. Cuevas-Ruíz, and J. A. Delgado-Penín, High-Altitude Platforms for Wireless Communications, First. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. doi: 10.1002/9780470997437.

[7] A. Mohammed, A. Mehmood, F. Pavlidou, and M. Mohorcic, “The Role of High-Altitude Platforms (HAPs) in the Global Wireless Connectivity,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 1939–1953, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2159690.

[8] He Panfeng, Cheng Naiping, and Ni Shuyan, “Coverage Model of Multi Beam Antenna from High Altitude Platform in the Swing State,” in 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), IEEE, Aug. 2016, pp. 750–753. doi: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883176.

[9] X. Liu, C. Liu, W. Liu, and X. Zeng, “High Altitude Platform Station Network and Channel Modeling Performance Analysis,” Sci. Sci. Publ. Gr., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10–16, 2016, doi: 10.11648/j.mcs.20160101.13.

[10] ITU, “World Radiocommunication Conference 2023 (WRC-23) – Final Acts,” ITU Publisher, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/act/R-ACT-WRC.16-2024-PDF-E.pdf

[11] ITU-R, “Radio Regulations Vol.1 Edition of 2024,” in ITU Publications, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR

[12] S. Wahyuni, “Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Modulasi Sistem HAPS pada Layanan DVB-T,” Elkawnie, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 177, 2016, doi: 10.22373/ekw.v2i2.2689.

[13] P. K. Singya, P. Shaik, N. Kumar, V. Bhatia, and M.-S. Alouini, “A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends,” IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol. 2, pp. 617–655, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2021.3067384.

[14] S. Palinggi and A. Amaliah, “Analisis Pengaruh Modulasi Terhadap Performa Link Backhaul High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) pada Frekuensi 28 GHz,” SEMNASTERA (Seminar Nas. Teknol. dan Ris. Ter., vol. 6, pp. 307–312, 2024.

[15] X. Liu, C. Liu, W. Liu, and X. Zeng, “The Analysis of HAPS Link Budget and Communication Performance Based on Near Space,” Proc. 2016 IEEE 11th Conf. Ind. Electron. Appl. ICIEA 2016, pp. 209–211, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ICIEA.2016.7603579.

[16] G. Liu, X. Huang, and X. Zhou, “QoS Management for High Altitude Platforms,” in Workshop on Intelligent Information Technology Application (IITA 2007), 2007, pp. 290–293. doi: 10.1109/IITA.2007.13.

[17] S. Palinggi, “Analisis Interferensi Antara HAPS Layanan Bergerak Dengan Jaringan IMT-2020 (5G) Pada Pita Frekuensi 700 MHz,” Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), 2020. [Online]. Available: https://digilib.itb.ac.id/gdl/view/52303/sandryones?rows=1&per_page=2

[18] M. Tseytlin, “High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) — Bringing Connectivity to All,” ITU NEWS. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://news.itu.int/high-altitude-platform-stations-haps-bringing-connectivity-to-all/

[19] T. H. Chauhan, S. Agarwal, S. Purohit, and A. Kumar, “Wireless Communications from High Altitude Platforms,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 220–223, 2013.

[20] ITU-R, “Spectrum Needs of High-Altitude Platform Stations Broadband Links Operating in the Fixed Service,” Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en

[21] Government of Japan, “Proposed Working Method and Workplan For WRC-23 Agenda Item 1.4,” Document 5D/100-E, 2020.

[22] ITU-R, “Specific Attenuation Model for Rain,” 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/p/R-REC-P.838-3-200503-I!!PDF-E.pdf

[23] J. A. Desai and S. N. Kulkarni, “Effect of Noise on BER of BPSK, QPSK, DPSK, and QAM Modulation Techniques,” Int. J. Res. Sci. Innov. Issue VII, vol. III, no. Vii, pp. 2321–2705, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.rsisinternational.org

[24] Baharuddin, “Analisa Kinerja Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Pada Kanal Additive White Gaussian Noise Untuk Transmisi Citra,” TeknikA, vol. 1, no. 28, pp. 54–58, 2007, [Online]. Available: http://repo.unand.ac.id/3102/1/54-58_QAM_Baharuddin__kanal_AWGN.pdf

[25] N. Naganuma, K. Osawa, J. Mashino, S. Suyama, and H. Otsuka, “Proposal of CQI Table Switching Control Method Corresponding to 256-QAM for CRE in HetNet,” in 2018 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), IEEE, Jan. 2018, pp. 331–335. doi: 10.1109/ICOIN.2018.8343135.

[26] M. C. Kestwal, S. Joshi, and L. S. Garia, “Prediction of Rain Attenuation and Impact of Rain in Wave Propagation at Microwave Frequency for Tropical Region (Uttarakhand, India),” Int. J. Microw. Sci. Technol., vol. 2014, pp. 1–6, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/958498.

[27] A. H. J. Al-Jumaily, A. Sali, A. Ismail, J. S. Mandeep, and A. M. Al-Saegh, “Performance Analysis of Rain Attenuation at Ku-band in Malaysia,” in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace), IEEE, Jul. 2013, pp. 160–163. doi: 10.1109/IconSpace.2013.6599455.

[28] S. Shrestha and D.-Y. Choi, “Rain Attenuation Statistics over Millimeter Wave Bands in South Korea,” J. Atmos. Solar-Terrestrial Phys., vol. 152–153, pp. 1–10, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jastp.2016.11.004.

[29] Y. H. Lee and S. Winkler, “Effects of Rain Attenuation on Satellite Video Transmission,” in 2011 IEEE 73rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE, May 2011, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/VETECS.2011.5956732.

Diterbitkan

2026-09-25

Cara Mengutip

Palinggi, S. (2026). Performance Evaluation of Modulation Schemes on HAPS 28 GHz Backhaul Link: Reliability Analysis and Spectral Efficiency Trade-off . PROtek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v13i3.12651

Terbitan

Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Protek : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro

Bagian

Telecommunication System and Technology

Lisensi

Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Sandryones Palinggi

Creative Commons License

Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

    1. Penulis menyimpan hak cipta dan memberikan jurnal hak penerbitan pertama naskah secara simultan dengan lisensi di bawah Creative Commons Attribution License yang mengizinkan orang lain untuk berbagi pekerjaan dengan sebuah pernyataan kepenulisan pekerjaan dan penerbitan awal di jurnal ini.

    1. Penulis bisa memasukkan ke dalam penyusunan kontraktual tambahan terpisah untuk distribusi non ekslusif versi kaya terbitan jurnal (contoh: mempostingnya ke repositori institusional atau menerbitkannya dalam sebuah buku), dengan pengakuan penerbitan awalnya di jurnal ini.

    1. Penulis diizinkan dan didorong untuk mem-posting karya mereka online (contoh: di repositori institusional atau di website mereka) sebelum dan selama proses penyerahan, karena dapat mengarahkan ke pertukaran produktif, seperti halnya sitiran yang lebih awal dan lebih hebat dari karya yang diterbitkan. (Lihat Efek Akses Terbuka).