Baccaurea Lour. (Phyllanthaceae): An Ethnobotanical Review of Its Importance and Traditional Uses

Ardiyas Robi Saputra; Widie Kemala Hapsari

Penulis

Ardiyas Robi Saputra Khon Kaen University
Widie Kemala Hapsari Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.

Kata Kunci:

Baccaurea, Traditional Knowledge, Phytochemistry, Wild Edible Fruits

Abstrak

Baccaurea Lour. (Phyllanthaceae) merupakan genus tumbuhan hutan tropis yang telah lama dikaitkan dengan mata pencaharian dan tradisi budaya masyarakat lokal di seluruh Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah mendokumentasikan taksonomi, fitokimia, dan aktivitas biologis masing-masing spesies, informasi mengenai pentingnya Baccaurea dari perspektif etnobotani masih belum terintegrasi. Artikel tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis pengetahuan terkini mengenai taksonomi, keanekaragaman, persebaran geografis, dan signifikansi etnobotani Baccaurea. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sekitar 50 spesies Baccaurea yang diterima, yang sebagian besar tersebar di hutan tropis Asia Selatan dan Asia Tenggara, dengan Indonesia sebagai salah satu pusat keanekaragaman utamanya. Berbagai spesies menghasilkan buah yang dapat dimakan dan kaya akan senyawa bioaktif, yang berkontribusi terhadap nilai gizi dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Pemanfaatan tradisional buah, daun, kulit batang, dan akar sebagai obat semakin didukung oleh penelitian fitokimia dan farmakologi yang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, dan sitotoksik. Selain itu, beberapa spesies menghasilkan kayu yang tahan lama untuk konstruksi lokal serta pewarna alami yang berasal dari kulit batang untuk kerajinan tradisional. Secara keseluruhan, temuan-temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Baccaurea merupakan genus tumbuhan hutan multiguna dengan nilai etnobotani, gizi, pengobatan, dan sosial-ekonomi yang tinggi.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Referensi

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