Optimization of Bank Capacitor Placement to Improve Power Quality in the Electrical System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33387/protk.v13i3.12850Kata Kunci:
Capacitor bank,, Power factor correction,, Power quality,, Electric power, Total harmonic distortion,Abstrak
Inductive and nonlinear loads in office buildings increase reactive power demand, lower the power factor, and inject harmonic currents into low-voltage distribution panels. The power quality of the Rectorate Building of Universitas Khairun, Ternate, has not been assessed despite its growing demand. This study evaluates its main distribution panel and determines the capacitor bank rating required for power factor correction. Voltage, current, active, reactive and apparent power, power factor, and total harmonic distortion (THD) of each phase were recorded with a power quality analyzer at 30-min intervals from 10:30 to 16:00. The required compensation and capacitance were calculated per phase for a target power factor of 0.95. The phase voltage ranged from 214.5 to 219.7 V and the frequency from 50.05 to 50.08 Hz. Phase S carried the highest current, 134–155 A, showing unbalance. The power factor exceeded 0.92 for most of the day. At 13:30–14:00, it fell to 0.778–0.832 on all phases because reactive power rose to 11.6–20.1 kVAR per phase. Voltage THD remained between 3.6% and 4.5%, within the IEEE 519-2022 limit. Current THD reached 8.2–11.6% and was dominated by the third harmonic. The required compensation was 7.6, 11.9, and 8.2 kVAR on phases R, S, and T, corresponding to 528, 800, and 558 µF. Compensation reduces the estimated line current by 12.5–18.2%. An automatically switched, detuned capacitor bank of about 30 kVAR is recommended to keep the power factor above the 0.85 utility threshold without overcompensation. Load rebalancing and a harmonic resonance study should accompany the installation
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